ISL97678
results in that channel being turned off does not affect
other channels unless a similar fault is occurring.
Due to the lag in boost response to any load change at its
output, certain transient events (such as significant step
Overvoltage Protection (OVP)
The integrated OVP circuit monitors the output voltage
and keeps the voltage at a safe level. The OVP threshold
is set as shown in Equation 5:
changes in LED duty cycle) can transiently look like LED
fault modes. The ISL97678 uses feedback from the LEDs
OVP = 1.21V × ( R UPPER + R LOWER ) ? R LOWER
(EQ. 5)
to determine when it is in a stable operating region and
prevents apparent faults during these transient events
from allowing any of the LED strings to fault out. See
Table 1 for more details.
Short Circuit Protection (SCP)
The short circuit detection circuit monitors the voltage on each
channel and disables faulty channels which are detected
above the programmed short circuit threshold. When an LED
becomes shorted, the action taken is described in Table 1. The
short circuit threshold is 4V.
Open Circuit Protection (OCP)
When one of the LEDs becomes open circuit, it can
behave as either an infinite resistance or a gradually
increasing finite resistance. The ISL97678 monitors the
current in each channel such that any string which
reaches the intended output current is considered
“good”. Should the current subsequently fall below the
target, the channel will be considered an “open circuit”.
Furthermore, should the boost output of the ISL97678
reach the OVP limit or should the lower over-temperature
threshold be reached, all channels which are not “good”
will immediately be considered as “open circuit”.
Detection of an “open circuit” channel will result in a
time-out before disabling of the affected channel.
Some users employ some special types of LEDs that
have zener diode structure in parallel with the LED for
ESD enhancement, thus enabling open circuit operation.
When this type of LED goes open circuit, the effect is as
if the LED forward voltage has increased, but no light
will be emitted. Any affected string will not be disabled,
unless the failure results in the boost OVP limit being
reached, allowing all other LEDs in the string to remain
functional. Care should be taken in this case that the
boost OVP limit and SCP limit are set properly, so as to
make sure that multiple failures on one string do not
cause all other good channels to be faulted out. This is
due to the increased forward voltage of the faulty
channel making all other channel look as if they have
LED shorts. See Table 1 for details for responses to fault
conditions.
13
These resistors should be large to minimize the power
loss. For example, a 1Mk Ω R UPPER and 30k Ω R LOWER
sets OVP to 41.2V. Large OVP resistors also allow C OUT
discharges slowly during the PWM Off time. Parallel
capacitors should be placed across the OVP resistors
such that R UPPER /R LOWER = C LOWER /C UPPER . Using a
C UPPER value of at least 30pF is recommended. These
capacitors reduce the AC impedance of the OVP node,
which is important when using high value resistors.
Undervoltage Lockout
If the input voltage falls below the UVLO level of 2.8V, the
device will stop switching and be reset. Operation will
restart only if the device control interface re-enables it
once the input voltage is back in the normal operating
range. Also all digital settings will be reset to their default
states.
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP)
The ISL97678 includes two over-temperature thresholds.
The lower threshold is set to +130°C. When this
threshold is reached, any channel which is outputting
current at a level significantly below the regulation target
will be treated as “open circuit” and disabled after a
time-out period. The intention of the lower threshold is to
allow bad channels to be isolated and disabled before
they cause enough power dissipation (as a result of other
channels having large voltages across them) to hit the
upper temperature threshold.
The upper threshold is set to +150°C. Each time this is
reached, the boost will stop switching and the output
current sources will be switched off and stay off until the
control driver is power off and and re-enables it. Also
unless disabled via the /SHUT pin, the device stays in an
active state throughout.
For the extensive fault protection conditions, please refer
to Figure 25 and Table 1 for details.
Shutdown
When the EN pin is low the entire chip is shut down to
give close to zero shutdown current. The digital
interfaces will not be active during this time.
FN6998.1
November 5, 2009
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